Una breve storia del vino e come si produce

Fermentation also makes heat. If the wine gets too warm, the yeast can get stressed, the aromas can disappear, and the wine can taste “cooked.” If it is too cold, fermentation can become slow—or it can stop. That is why temperature control is so important. Many white wines ferment cooler to keep fruit aromas fresh. Many red wines ferment warmer to build deeper color, structure, and texture.

In those days, the cellar feels alive. You can smell fruit and yeast (almost like bread), and sometimes a sharp, “fresh” smell in the air. The producers check the wine every day. They taste it, smell it, and measure it. They look for signs that the fermentation is going well: steady bubbles, clean aromas, and a gradual drop in sugar. If the fermentation slows down or stops, they can help the yeast. They can cool or heat the tank, mix gently, or add nutrients, so the yeast stays strong.

For red wines, fermentation is also about the skins. The skins rise and form a thick layer on top—the cap. If the cap dries, it can create problems and make the wine lose color and aroma. For this reason, the producers keep it wet: they push it down or pump juice over it. It seems simple, but it changes the final wine a lot.

After fermentation, the wine is still young. The taste is direct—sometimes rough, sometimes sharp, and often not yet balanced. It is like a new song: the notes are there, but it is not completely smooth yet.

For red wine, the next step is separation. First the free-run wine flows out by itself, and it is often softer and more elegant. Then the skins are pressed, and the press wine comes out. Press wine is usually darker, harder, and more tannic. Producers can combine the two wines, or keep them separate and decide later.

Often there is also a second, quiet change in many red wines. The hard acidity becomes softer. In simple words, the young wine can soften after the main fermentation.

Then aging comes. The wine can rest in steel, in concrete, or in oak. Oak adds spices, toasted notes, and structure. Aging is not only about the taste. It is also about time and calm. The wine settles, small residues go down, and the taste comes together.